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Brakes - Rear brake bias
adjustment |
8 April 2001 |
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When altering the front brake set-up away from the
standard installation, it invariably alters the amount of rear brake bias
needed to re-balance the cars brake balance.
The problems start occurring when folk graft
alternative brake set-ups onto the front of their Minis. Be this 7.5"
discs onto a previously drum-braked model, or going from current standard disc
set-ups to one of the 4-pot varieties. The question then is 'what bore size
rear wheel-cylinders do I need?' Unfortunately this isn't straightforward.
Actually, that's not strictly true - more on this later. The pressure developed
in the lines determines brake effectiveness - aside from disc size, pad type,
co-efficient of friction, etc. that is. Understanding this may assist in
choosing which way you should go for your particular set-up.
The basic facts you need to remember when dealing with
brake pressures is how they are affected by the components you use. The amount
of hydraulic pressure produced at the pedal is INVERSLEY proportional to the
master cylinder bore, and the pressure produced at the caliper or wheel
cylinder is the opposite to that. So a smaller bore
master cylinder will develop a HIGHER line pressure than a larger bore one at
the 'working end', and conversely a smaller bore caliper piston or wheel-
cylinder will develop LOWER line pressure at the 'working end'. I know we're
supposed to be looking at rear wheel-cylinders - but this is relatively
important. Especially on racers where master cylinders and pedal assemblies may
well be changed for something more, well, 'racy'. The former and following
information, once ingested and understood, will help find a path through the
jungle. However, a large proportion of the questions asked concern road use, so
we'll concentrate on the rear cylinders now.
Over the years, Austin Morris, BL, Leyland, and Rover
have all had a dabble at messing with the braking systems components fitted to
the Mini in it's various forms. It could be said that
this has left us in a fortunate position as far as choice goes, as no less than
five different wheel-cylinder bore sizes were used. All of
which will fit any brake back-plate with relative ease, i.e. may need to drill
the locating-pin hole on the other side. GWC1101 has a
0.625"(15.88mm) bore, GWC1102 a 0.750"(19.0mm) one, GWC1126 a
0.500"(12.7mm) one, GWC1129 a 0.6875"(17.46mm) one and GWC1131 a
0.5625"(14.29mm) one. Quite a selection as stated, but confusion is added
by the use of pressure regulators/distributors. Some of which don't do any
regulating of the pressure at all.
There are too many variables including all-up car
weight, front/rear weight split, tyre size and type, front brake choice, etc.,
to make an exact and correct list. As a guide to start with, working
suggestions I have used with reasonable success can be generally channelled
into a few groups -
*Discs with 4-pots and latest built-in servo and
7.5" discs with S-type servo use GWC1131.
*8.4" discs with or without servo, use GWC1126.
*7.5" discs no servo use GWC1129.
The above is presupposing NO regulator valve is used
in the rear feed line as they really complicate matters, and is irrespective of
master cylinder bore size - assuming a standard Mini fitment one of some type
is used. I re-iterate - it's a working start.
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Incidentally - that thing on the bulkhead (called a
P.D.W.A. - Pressure Differential Warning Activator) on early split system
'foreign' models is there purely to maintain line pressure in one half of the
system in case of failure in the other. I believe these were only used on
diagonal split systems. Recognised as being a large cast-iron
4-way union with an electrical connection in it located on the front bulkhead
(part number 13H5905). It DOES NOT regulate/bias the line pressure when
braking with the system working normally, as many believe.
Some of the regulation/biasing is done in the master
cylinder, the rest with the wheel-cylinders.
The other 4-way valve on the bulkhead on later cars
(part number FAM7821) is frequently wrongly identified as one of the above as
they are similar. However, this unit does not have the electrical connection,
and has a cylinder sticking out one end. This IS a brake pressure
regulator, only fitted to front/rear split systems as far as I'm aware. The
PDWA is built into the master cylinders in these applications.
The FAM7821 regulator valves are a pain. Impossible to
tell if they're working properly, cause all kinds of
grief when trying to bleed the complete system should the wrong method be used,
and are not re-buildable. If it fails - you have to
buy a new one. Consequently, I discard this at the earliest opportunity and do
the following…
The 'reasonably straightforward' method mentioned
earlier is basically using an in-line adjustable brake regulator valve. Simple. I now always plumb in a Mini Spares Centre MS72 type
between front and rear brakes, binning the FAM7821 in the process (working or
not) and use GWC1102 rear wheel cylinders (cheapest of the bunch) if not
already fitted. Sometimes under the bonnet by the master
cylinder (easiest to fit and plumb in) and sometimes by the driver's seat
(usually race-orientated stuff). Not only does it facilitate fine-tuning
of the rear brake bias/efficiency irrespective of rear wheel-cylinder size,
it's generally cheaper as the correctly sized rear wheel-cylinders can be
costly as can be the FAM7821 regulator valve. Make sure you get a price before
ordering wheel-cylinders - some of the cost prices will make you choke!
For those who already have a regulator valve on the
rear subframe, trying to establish which wheel cylinder bore sizes to use with
whatever type of front brake set-up you are grafting on is a real lottery. My
advice to you is the same as those with a regulator strapped to the bulkhead -
bin it and use an adjustable bias valve. The simplest way to do this is to either lob the standard valve bolted onto the rear subframe, and
substitute it with a simple 3-way connector, or strip the guts out of the
regulator valve and re-fit it 'empty'. The only problem with this is it does
weird things to the braking efficiency because of the now large volume of brake
fluid it holds. Then plumb the bias valve in as detailed in the article
mentioned below.
See 'Brakes -
Useful part numbers:
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MS72 |
Adjustable brake regulator/bias valve |
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3H2424 |
3-way brake pipe connector |